The Timeline
Eleventh Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1066 | William the Conqueror | Battle of Hastings | |||
1086 | Domesday book completed | ||||
1087 | William II | ||||
1095 | First Crusade | ||||
1100 | Henry I |
Twelfth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1119 | Foundation of the Knights Templar | |||||
1135 | Stephen | |||||
1141 | Matilda | Civil War | ||||
1147 | Second Crusade | |||||
1154 | Henry II | |||||
1170 | Henry the Young King | |||||
1189 | Richard I | Third Crusade | ||||
1199 | John |
Thirteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1204 | Fourth Crusade | ||||
1215 | Signing of Magna Carta | ||||
1216 | Henry III | Two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh, rule as Henry is only 9 | |||
1217 | Treaty of Lambeth | ||||
1218 | Henry III | Fifth Crusade | |||
1219 | Death of William the Marshal | ||||
1222 | Hugh de Burgh supresses an insurrection at Oxford | ||||
1223 | |||||
1224 | |||||
1227 | Henry takes full control of government of England. Hug de Burgh retained as principal adviser. | ||||
1216 | |||||
1216 | |||||
1232 | Peter des Riveaux appointed Treasurer of England | ||||
1236 | Henry marries Eleanor of Provence | ||||
1238 | Simon de Monfort marries Henry's sister, Eleanor | ||||
1258 | De Monfort leads the English barons to rebel. | ||||
1258 | Henry signs the Provisions of Oxford | ||||
1261 | Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford | ||||
1262 | |||||
1263 | |||||
1264 | Battle of Lewes | ||||
1265 | Battle of Evesham | ||||
1268 | |||||
1270 | Seventh Crusade | ||||
1272 | Edward I | ||||
1277 | English conquest of Wales begins | ||||
1290 | Death of Eleanor of Castile | Jews expelled from England | |||
1299 | Edward marries Margaret of France | Ottoman Empire begins |
Fourteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1301 | |||||
1302 | |||||
1303 | |||||
1304 | |||||
1305 | |||||
1306 | |||||
1307 | Edward II | ||||
1309 | Papacy moves to Avignon | ||||
1314 | Battle of Bannockburn | ||||
1319 | Battle of Mytton: Scots defeat English | ||||
1322 | Battle of Boroughbridge: crown defeats rebels | ||||
1323 | Truce between Robert Bruce and Edward II but warfare continues | ||||
1325 | |||||
1327 | Edward III | Death of Robert Bruce | |||
1333 | Battle of Halidon Hill | ||||
1338 | Start of 100 Years War | ||||
1346 | Battle of Crecy | ||||
1346 | Battle Of Neville's Cross | ||||
1348 | Black Death reaches Europe | A third or more of the population died as a result of the Black Death | |||
1356 | Battle of Poitiers | ||||
1377 | Richard II | Papacy returns to Rome | |||
1381 | The Peasants' Revolt | ||||
1388 | Battle of Otterburn | ||||
1399 | Henry IV | ||||
1400 | Owen Glendower revolts in Wales |
Fifteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1413 | Henry V | ||||
1415 | Battle of Agincourt | ||||
1422 | Henry VI | ||||
1441 | Eton College founded | ||||
1450 | Jack Cade's rebellion | ||||
1454 | Invention of movable type | ||||
1455 | Start of the Wars of the Roses | ||||
1455 | First Battle of St Albans | ||||
1461 | Edward IV | ||||
1470 | Henry VI | ||||
1471 | Edward IV | Battle of Barnet | |||
1476 | Caxton sets up first English printing press | ||||
1483 | Edward V | ||||
1483 | Richard III | ||||
1485 | Battle of Bosworth Field | Richard III died in battle | |||
1485 | Henry VII | ||||
1486 | Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster | ||||
1487 | |||||
1488 | |||||
1489 | |||||
1490 | |||||
1491 | Perkin Warbeck claims to be Richard, Duke of York | ||||
1492 | Christopher Columbus discovers America | ||||
1493 | |||||
1494 | |||||
1495 | |||||
1496 | |||||
1497 | |||||
1498 | |||||
1499 | Perkin Warbeck hanged |
Sixteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1502 | Death of Prince Arthur, heir to the throne | ||||
1503 | Death of Elizabeth of York, Henry's wife | ||||
1505 | |||||
1506 | |||||
1507 | |||||
1508 | |||||
1509 | Henry VIII | Marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon | |||
1515 | Birth of Princess Mary | ||||
1528 | |||||
1529 | Cardinal Wolsey accused of high treason | ||||
1530 | |||||
1531 | |||||
1532 | Sir Thomas More gives up the Chancellorship | ||||
1533 | Henry excommunicated by the Pope | ||||
1534 | Act of Supremacy passed | ||||
1535 | |||||
1536 | Execution of Anne Boleyn | Act of Union between Wales and England | |||
1538 | Parish Registers started | ||||
1547 | Edward VI | ||||
1548 | |||||
1549 | First Act of Uniformity passed, making Roman Catholic mass illegal | The First Book of Common Prayer issued | |||
1550 | |||||
1551 | |||||
1552 | |||||
1553 | Jane | ||||
1553 | Mary I | ||||
1554 | Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain | Execution of Lady Jane Grey | |||
1555 | |||||
1556 | |||||
1558 | Elizabeth I | ||||
1559 | Second Act of Supremacy | ||||
1560 | |||||
1561 | |||||
1562 | |||||
1563 to 1564 | Bubonic Plague in London | ||||
1564 | |||||
1565 | |||||
1568 | Mary Queen of Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth | ||||
1577 to 1580 | Francis Drake circumnavigates the world | ||||
1586 | Mary Queen of Scots sent for trial | ||||
1587 | Execution of Mary Queen of Scots | ||||
1588 | Spanish Armada | ||||
1590 | First part of Edmund Spenser's "The Fairie Queen" published | ||||
1598 | Bishops' Transcripts introduced | ||||
1600 | East India Company founded |
Seventeenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1601 | Poor Law Act | Orphans and paupers' children became apprentices (see Poor Law Act) | |||
1602 | |||||
1603 | James I | ||||
1604 | |||||
1605 | Gunpowder Plot | ||||
1606 | |||||
1607 | Ulster colonized by Protestant settlers | Huge wave in Bristol Channel kills hundreds | Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, USA | ||
1608 | Quebec city founded | ||||
1609 | |||||
1610 | Authorized Version of Bible | ||||
1611 | |||||
1612 | Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid | ||||
1612 | 10 hanged at Lancaster for witchcraft | ||||
1613 | |||||
1614 | New York founded by Dutch (New Amsterdam) | ||||
1615 | |||||
1616 | |||||
1617 | |||||
1618 | |||||
1619 | |||||
1620 | Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England | ||||
1621 | |||||
1622 | |||||
1623 | |||||
1624 | Fire destroys much of Dunfermline | ||||
1625 | Charles I | ||||
1626 | |||||
1627 | England goes to war with France | ||||
1628 | |||||
1629 | 11 years rule without Parliament commences | ||||
1630 | |||||
1631 | |||||
1632 | |||||
1633 | |||||
1634 | First writs for Ship Money issued | ||||
1635 | |||||
1636 | |||||
1637 | John Hampden tried for non payment of Ship Money | New Prayer Book introduced in Scotland | |||
1638 | |||||
1639 | First Bishops War against Scots | ||||
1640 | Second Bishops war Battle of Newburn Ford | ||||
1641 | Star Chamber and Court of High Commission abolished | ||||
1641 | Irish Rebellion | ||||
1642 to 1651 | English Civil Wars | ||||
1642 | Battle of Powick Bridge 23 Sep | ||||
1642 | Battle of Edgehill 23 Oct | ||||
1643 | Battle of Braddock Down 19 Jan | ||||
1643 | Battle of Hopton Heath 16 Mar | ||||
1643 | Battle of Stratton 16 May | ||||
1643 | Battle of Chalgrove 17 Jun | ||||
1643 | Battle of Adwalton Manor 30 Jun | ||||
1643 | Battle of Roundway Down 13 Jul | ||||
1643 | Battle of Newbury 20 Sep | ||||
1643 | Battle of Winceby 11 Oct | ||||
1644 | Battle of Nantwich 25 Jan | ||||
1644 | Battle of Cheriton 29 Mar | ||||
1644 | Battle of Cropredy Bridge 29 Jun | ||||
1644 | Battle of Marston Moor 2 Jul | ||||
1645 | |||||
1646 | |||||
1647 | George Fox's spiritual revelation that leads to founding Quakers | ||||
1648 | Frondes civil wars in France | ||||
January 1649 | Regicide of Charles I | England declared a republic | |||
1649 to 1660 | Interregnum | Possible gaps in Parish records | |||
1649 | Irish royalists defeated at Wexford and the Siege of Drogheda | ||||
1650 | Scots royalists defeated at Dunbar | Cape Town founded | |||
1651 | Scots royalists defeated at Worcester | Charles II flees into exile | |||
1652 to 1654 | First Dutch War | ||||
1652 | Pasqua Rosee opens London's first Coffee House | ||||
1653 | Oliver Cromwell | ||||
1654 | |||||
1655 | Parliament dismissed. Country divided into 11 districts, each with a Major-General | Jamaica captured from the Spanish | |||
1656 | |||||
1657 | |||||
1658 | Richard Cromwell | Oliver Cromwell dies | |||
1659 | |||||
1660 | Charles II | Samuel Pepys begins diary | |||
1661 | |||||
1662 | Poor Relief Act (Act of Settlement) | The parish responsible for the relief of the poor. | |||
1662 | Book of Common Prayer (the current traditional C of E prayer book) | ||||
1663 | Mens' wigs become fashionable | ||||
1664 | |||||
1665-67 | 2nd Dutch War | The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette) first published | |||
1665 | Five Mile Act | Great Plague | |||
1666 | Great Fire of London | ||||
1666 | The Oxford Gazette becomes the London Gazette | ||||
1667 | John Milton writes "Paradise Lost" | ||||
1668 | Bombay granted to East India Company | ||||
1669 | |||||
1670 | Secret Treaty of Dover | ||||
1671 | |||||
1672-74 | 3rd Dutch War | ||||
1673 | Test Act | ||||
1674 | |||||
1675 | Royal Observatory established at Greenwich | ||||
1676 | St Paul's Cathedral begun by Sir Christopher Wren | ||||
1677 | |||||
1678 | Popish plot fabricated by Titus Oates | "Pilgrim's Progress" by John Bunyan | |||
1679 | Habeas Corpus Act | ||||
1682 | Pennsylvania founded | ||||
1685 | James II | Battle of Sedgmoor | Edict of Nantes revoked and many Huguenots settle in England | ||
1687 | Newton publishes Principia | ||||
1688 | The Glorious Revolution | ||||
1689 | William and Mary | Battle of Killiecrankie | Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters | ||
1692 | Glencoe Massacre | ||||
1693 | National Debt founded | Land tax first introduced | |||
1694 | Death of Mary; William rules alone | Foundation of the Bank of England | |||
1695 | Press licensing abandoned in England(freedom of the press) | ||||
1696 | Window Tax introduced |
Eighteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1701 | Act of Settlement | |||||
1702 | Anne | War of Spanish Succession starts | The Daily Courant published - first daily newspaper | |||
1703 | ||||||
1704 | Battle of Blenheim | |||||
1705 | The Earl of Peterborough captures Barcelona | Newcomen patents steam pump | ||||
1706 | Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramilles | |||||
1707 | Act of Union | |||||
1708 | Capture of Minorca | Prince George of Denmark, Anne's husband, dies | ||||
1709 | ||||||
1710 | ||||||
1711 | ||||||
1712 | ||||||
1713 | The Treaty of Utrecht | |||||
1714 | George I | End of the War of Spanish Succession | ||||
1715 | Jacobite Rebellion defeated | |||||
1716 | The Septennial Act (General Elections to be held every 7 years) | |||||
1717 | ||||||
1718 | Thomas Lombe's silk spinning patent | |||||
1719 | "Robinson Crusoe" published | |||||
1720 | South Sea Bubble burst | |||||
1721 | Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister | |||||
1722 | Death of Duke of Marlborough | |||||
1726 | "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift published | Death of Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I | ||||
1727 | George II | Death of Sir Isaac Newton | ||||
1733 | Kay's flying shuttle | |||||
1736 | Witchcraft finally abolished as a crime | |||||
1737 | Death of Queen Caroline | |||||
1738 | Methodism begins | |||||
1739 | War of Jenkins Ear | |||||
1740 | War of the Austrian Succession | |||||
1745 | 2nd Jacobite rebellion | |||||
1746 | Battle of Culloden | |||||
1750 | London earth tremors cause panic | |||||
1752 | Gregorian calendar introduced | |||||
1753 | Foundation of the British Museum | Marriage Act | ||||
1755 | War with France | |||||
1756 to 1763 | Seven Years' War | |||||
1760 | George III | |||||
1763 | August hailstorms ruin Sussex harvest | |||||
1768 | Royal Academy of Arts founded | Spinning jenny | ||||
1770 | Lord North becomes Prime Minister | Cook charts New South Wales | ||||
1773 | Boston Tea Party | |||||
1775 | American War of Independence | James Watt develops the steam engine | ||||
1776 | Bridgewater canal completed | American Declaration of Independence | ||||
1778 | Bramah's flushing watercloset patented. First iron bridge built | |||||
1779 | Crompton's Mule | |||||
1780 | 4th Anglo-Dutch war | Gordon Riots in London | ||||
1781 | ||||||
1782 | ||||||
1783 | Britain recognises U.S. independence | |||||
1783 to 1801 | William Pitt the Younger Prime Minister | |||||
1784 | ||||||
1785 | Separation of the Methodist Church from the Church of England | Cartwright's Power Loom | ||||
1788 | Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) dies in Rome | |||||
1788 | Settlement of Australia by Britons begins | |||||
1789 | French Revolution | |||||
1790 | ||||||
1791 | Publication of "The Rights of Man" by Thomas Paine | |||||
1793 | War with France | |||||
1796-1808 | Anglo-Spanish War | |||||
1796 | Grand Junction (Union) Canal opens | |||||
1796 | Jenner develops smallpox vaccine | |||||
1798 | Nelson wins Battle of the Nile |
Nineteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1801 | Regents Canal opens | |||||
1803 | War with France | |||||
1804 to 1806 | William Pitt Prime Minister | |||||
1805 | Battle of Trafalgar | |||||
1806 | State funeral of Nelson | |||||
1807 | Abolition of Slavery Act | |||||
1808 to 1814 | Peninsular War | |||||
1809 | ||||||
1810 | First curry house opens in England | |||||
1811 | Prince George appointed Regent when his father's healt deteriorate (porphyria) | |||||
1812 | Prime Minister Spencer Perceval assassinated | Rose's Act passed. Entry of baptisms, marriages and burials in Anglican churches standardised in bound volumes | ||||
1813 | Publication of "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen | |||||
1815 | Leeds Liverpool canal completed | |||||
1816 | Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo | Year without a summer due to volcanic eruption | ||||
1817 | Peterloo Massacre | |||||
1818 | Death of Queen Charlotte | |||||
1819 | ||||||
1820 | George IV | Failure of the Cato Street Conspiracy | ||||
1821 | ||||||
1822 | ||||||
1823 | ||||||
1824 | ||||||
1825 | First railway, Stockton-Darlington | |||||
1826 | First steamship crosses Atlantic | |||||
1829 | The Catholic Relief Act passed - Catholics permitted to becomes MPs | Metropolitan Police established | ||||
1830 | William IV | |||||
1833 | Slavery Abolition Act | |||||
1834 | Poor Law Amendment Act | Tolpuddle Martyrs sentenced to transportation to Australia | ||||
1835 | ||||||
1836 | Sentence of Tolpuddle Martyrs remitted under public pressure | |||||
1837 | Victoria | Electric Telegraph invented | Civil Registration introduced | |||
1838 | Daguerrotype photographical process | Public Record Office established | ||||
1839-42 | First Afghan War | |||||
1839 | Foundation of the anti-Corn Law League | |||||
1840 | Uniform Penny Post introduced | Victoria married Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | ||||
1841 | Thomas Cook travel company founded | London-Brighton railway completed | Census: 6th June | |||
1843 | Rebecca riots in Wales | |||||
1844 | ||||||
1845 | Start of the Irish Potato Famine | Emigration from Ireland rises steeply | ||||
1846 | Repeal of the Corn Laws | |||||
1847 | First use of chloroform in childbirth | |||||
1848 | Foundation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood | |||||
1849 | ||||||
1850 | ||||||
1851 | The Great Exhibition | Australian Gold Rush | Census: 30th March | |||
1852 | Foundation of the Museum of Manufactures (later the Victoria & Albert Museum) | |||||
1853 | ||||||
1853 | Compulsory Vaccination Act | |||||
1854-1856 | The Crimean War | |||||
1854 | Broad Street cholera outbreak | John Snow discovers cause of cholera | ||||
1855 | Civil Registration introduced in Scotland | |||||
1856 | Crinoline becomes popular | |||||
1857 | The Museum of Manufactures moved to South Kensington and became South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria and Albert Museum) | Matrimonial Causes Act | ||||
1858 | Secular Court of Probate created | |||||
1861 | Census: 7th April | |||||
1861 | Death of Prince Albert from typhoid | |||||
1861-1865 | American Civil War | Lancashire Cotton Famine | ||||
1863 | Formation of Football Association | First underground railway opens in London | ||||
1867 | Suez canal opens | |||||
1870 | Education Act makes primary education compulsory | First Barnardo's Home opens | ||||
1871 | Trade Unions legalized | Penny farthing bicycle invented | Census: 2nd April | |||
1874 to 1880 | Benjamin Disraeli Prime Minister (Conservative) | |||||
1876 | Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone | |||||
Edison invents phonograph | ||||||
1878-80 | Seond Afghan War | |||||
1879 | Zulu War | |||||
1880-1881 | First Boer War | |||||
1881 | Census: 3rd April | |||||
1883 | First electric railway opens in Brighton | |||||
1887 | Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee | |||||
1891 | Census: 5th April | |||||
1892 | ||||||
1893 | First Matabele War | Marconi invents Wireless Telegraph | ||||
1894 | ||||||
1895 | Rontgen discovers X rays | |||||
1896 | Second Matabele War | |||||
1897 | Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee | |||||
1898 | ||||||
1899 | Museum of South Kensington becomes the Victoria and Albert Museum | |||||
1899-1902 | Second Boer War |
Twentieth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL/CONFLICTS | SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | Edward VII | Australia granted dominion status | ||||
1902 | ||||||
1903 | Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first flight | |||||
1904 | ||||||
1905 | ||||||
1906 | San Francisco earthquake | |||||
1907 | New Zealand granted dominion status | |||||
1908 | Triple Entente between Russia, France and Britain signed | 4th Olympic Games held in London | ||||
1909 | Old age pension introduced in Britain | |||||
1910 | George V | |||||
1911 | National Insurance Act | |||||
1912 | Sinking of the Titanic | |||||
1913 | ||||||
1914-1918 | World War One | |||||
1917 | Russian Revoution | |||||
1918 | Qualification of Women Act | Influenza pandemic | First opportunity for women to vote | |||
1919 | Third Afghan War (May-Aug) | Lady Astor becomes the first woman MP | ||||
1920 | ||||||
1921 | ||||||
1922 | ||||||
1923 | ||||||
1924 | First Labour Government formed by Ramsay MacDonald | |||||
1925 | ||||||
1926 | General Strike in support of coalminers | Formal Legal Adoption Commenced | ||||
1927 | ||||||
1928 | Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin | |||||
1929 | The Wall Street Crash | Start of the Great Depression | ||||
1930 | ||||||
1931 | ||||||
1932 | ||||||
1933 | ||||||
1936 | Edward VIII January to December | |||||
1936 | George VI | Maiden voyage of the liner the Queen Mary | ||||
1937 | Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson | |||||
1939-1945 | World War Two | |||||
1946 | ||||||
1947 | Notably severe winter in UK | India and Pakistan granted independence | ||||
1948 | ||||||
1949 | ||||||
1950 | ||||||
1952 | Elizabeth II | |||||
1954 | Rationing finally ends | |||||
1955 | ||||||
1956 | ||||||
1957 | ||||||
1958 | ||||||
1959 | ||||||
1960 | ||||||
1961 | ||||||
1962 | ||||||
1963 | ||||||
1964 | ||||||
1965 | ||||||
1966 | ||||||
1967 | ||||||
1968 | ||||||
1969 | Apollo 11 moonlanding - 1st man on the moon | |||||
1970 | ||||||
1971 | Introduction of decimal currency | |||||
1972 | ||||||
1973 |
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[http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/goldrush/ Australian Gold Rush]
[[Records Office Guide|Civil Registration introduced]]
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