England and Wales Certificates
Contents
Birth Certificates
The images and information relate to certificates issued by the General Register Office, a certificate issued by a local office will be broadly similiar in appearance but the wording and layout may differ slightly from the illustrations, there are also some subtle differences between certificates depending on the date of the event, where possible the text will explain any notable variations between certificates of different dates.
Birth Certificate Heading
The heading of the birth certificate will list the registration district (and any sub-district which applies) along with the county name. Many large registration districts have smaller sub-districts, a largely rural area may have several smaller sub-districts based around strategic towns. If you have an ancestor born in a small rural village don't be too suprised to find the birth registered in a district some distance away.
Columns across the certificate
There are several columns across the certificate, each one has a different heading and information recorded within it. Information contained on a certificate is only as accurate as that given by the informant at the time, if you have a large collection of certificates then you may find the odd "discrepancy" somewhere. The image shows the column headings, a detailed explanation for each column is given below the image
No.
In the first (extreme left) column the entry number and General Register Office (GRO) reference is given, if the certificate is issued by a local register office then the local entry number (not illustrated) will be recorded.
Column 1; Where and when born.
Used to record the place and date of birth. The earliest certificates had very little in the way of an address/place of birth recorded, often just a village or town name was entered, by the mid/late 1800's more precise address details were usually recorded.
Column 2; Name.
This column is used to record any forename(s) of the child, not every child has been named by the parents and there are instances where the name may be recorded as "male" or "female".
Column 3; Sex
The gender of the child will be recorded in this column. Pre 1969 certificates will state boy or girl, post 1969 certificates will state male or female. It isn't unknown for this information to be incorrect.
Column 4; Name and surname of father.
An entry here depends on whether the parents of the child are a married couple or not.
Where the parents were married to one another, fathers details must be entered in the register and only one parent need sign the register at column 7,(this may be some some other informant).
If the parents were not married to one another then Column 4 (fathers' name) and Column 6 (his occupation) will be blank.
If the parents were not married to each other but both attended the register office together then details can be entered in Column 4 and Column 6 and both parents can sign the register.
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Column 5; Name, Surname and Maiden Name of Mother.
There are a few different combinations that you may see here, much depends on the marital status and marriages prior to the birth and the accuracy of the information given;
An unmarried woman should have her sole name recorded. eg "Jane Brown"
A married woman should have her married and maiden name recorded. eg "Jane Smith formerly Brown"
If married more than once then the entry will record the previous married and maiden names. eg "Jane Jones late Smith formerly Brown"
Column 6; Occupation of Father.
Fairly self explanatory, the occupation of the father (if he has been named) will be given in this column.
If a line is drawn through the column it could mean that either the father had no occupation at the time or the informant did not know the occupation.
If the father died before the birth was registered then the column may state something along the lines of "Labourer, Deceased".
Column 7; Signature, Description and Residence of Informant.
Each birth is notified to the registrar by an informant, there are many people who could act as the informant.
After checking the information recorded by the registrar the informant is asked to sign (and thereby confirm) the accuracy of the entry, if however the informant could not read they would "make their mark" by entering "x" for a signature. Note, if the informant could not read then the details on the certificate may not be recorded correctly (how could they check the written entry if they could not read?).
The description of the informant simply states the relationship or connection between the informant and the child.
In many cases the informant is a parent of the child but for a child born in the workhouse or institution the master would act as informant. Similarly if the mother went to stay with a friend or relative for the birth then they could act as informant. Another possibility is "person in charge of the child", this could be the father of an illegitimate child or the master of the workhouse or a relative, in many cases this type of entry will appear if the mother died during or shortly after childbirth.
Residence of informant is used to record the address of the informant, the earlier certificates can be vague however from around the mid 1870's the details were more precise. If the mother went to stay with relatives for the birth then you have no real clue as to where she actually lived before and after the birth.
Column 8; Date of Registration.
This is the date the birth was registered not the date the birth took place. Legally there is a time limit in which a birth can be registered, exceptional circumstances allow a birth to be registered very late (possibly in excess of a year) but these are very rare. Remember that a child born in the latter part of a quarter (the quarters run from Jan-Mar, Apr-Jun, July-September and October-December) willl often be registered in the following quarter after the event. For example a child born at Christmas in 1890 could well be registered in the first quarter of 1891.
Column 9; Signature of Registrar
Usually just one signature will be shown , if however the Registrar and Superintendant Registrar sign this may indicate either a late registration or a re-registerd birth.
Column 10; Name entered after registration.
The main reasons for an entry relate to the early days of registration when baptism was considered more important than civil registration (prior to 1837 the church was responsible for recording births, marriages and deaths)
If a child was registered without a forename and was then baptised, or if a child was registered with forenames that were changed at baptism the facilty was available to change the forename(s), surnames however cannot be changed.
Another entry you may find in the column (or to the right of the column) is the single word "adopted", this indicates that the child was adopted at a later date. There will be no indication of the date of adoption, name of the adopting family or the name given to the child after the adoption process is completed.
Birth Certificates and Adopted children
A birth certificate is issued after the birth in the normal way, with the exception of the word "adopted" and countersigned by the registrar (either in column 10 or more often noted to the right of the column) the certificate cannot be distinguished from any other birth certificate. The image illustrates how an adoption is noted on a birth certificate.
The certificate will show any name given to the child by the birth mother, the certificate will not give any further details relating to the adoption, (no date of adoption, post adoption name or details of the adopting couple), the certificate purely relates to the registration of the birth and the pre adoption details.
Certificates issued after an adoption
Post adoption details can be found on an "adoption certificate". An adoption certificate is a replacement birth certificate but in an adopted person's new name. The main difference between the two documents is the addition of court particulars on an adoption certificate.
The details entered on a full adoption certificate are;
date of birth, place and country of birth
adoptive forename and surname
sex
name and surname, address and occupation of adoptive parent(s)
date of adoption order
date on which adoption granted and the name of the court
Adoption Certificate Applications
Applications for adoption certificates can be made to the General Register Office, for full details of what information is required and how to apply see the Adoption Certificate Application Information on the GRO website.
Marriage Certificates
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Death Certificates
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Ordering a BMD Certificate
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